Nov
30

2008美国大选候选人介绍 II

继续接着上面一篇文章:

 

 

Chris Dodd

imageDemocratic Senator from Connecticut
Bio: Chris Dodd was born on May 27, 1944 in Willimantic, Conn. He was the fifth of six children born into a political family because his father was a United States Senator. He graduated from Providence College and joined the Peace Corp. In 1972, he graduated from the University of Louisville School of Law. Dodd lives with his wife Jackie and their two young daughters in East Haddam, Conn.

Political Experience: Because of his father’s influence, Dodd became interested in politics at a young age. In 1974, Dodd was elected to Congress and served three terms in the House of Representatives for the second district of Connecticut. In 1980, he became a member of the U.S. Senate and is currently serving his fifth term.

The Issues
Immigration: Dodd wants strong penalties imposed on businesses and employers who hire illegal immigrants. He also wants a fence built along the US-Mexican border to stop illegal immigrants.

DP:没有如何解决长期居留非法移民问题的态度。说的这两点都是很基本的,也是美国绝大多数人的一致态度。不大好说此人在移民问题上的倾向。

Environment: Dodd has the most strict energy plan of any of the presidential candidates. His energy plan calls for a Corporate Carbon Tax that will tax corporations for polluting and all revenue will be used for researching energy efficiency. He also wants to reduce 80 percent of the greenhouse gas emissions in America by 2050. The plan also calls for increasing efficiency standards for consumer products, setting renewable electricity standards and ending America’s dependence on Middle East oil.

Capital Punishment: Dodd believes the death penalty is used too widely in America. However, he does believe there are certain crimes and circumstances that justify the death penalty. He wants to work on reforming America’s criminal justice system in order to limit the use of the death penalty.

Healthcare: Dodd plans to create a universal healthcare system that will allow all Americans, no matter their income and employment situations, to be insured. His healthcare system will be called Universal HealthMart and will be achieved through a share mandate on businesses and individuals. Premiums will be at affordable costs and based on people’s ability to pay. There will also be no discrimination by insurance companies based on medical criteria.

新时代Plato的理想国?

Abortion: Dodd supports abortion rights and was opposed to the Supreme Court’s decision to ban partial-birth abortions. He thinks court decisions on abortion should be dependent on the mother’s health. He also voted against banning late-term birth abortions.

对待堕胎问题上,此君还是很激进的。

Same-Sex Marriage: Dodd believes that all laws banning same-sex marriage should be outlawed because everyone deserves equality. He believes that no one should be denied the right to be happy, no matter what his or her preference. In the Senate, he opposed a constitutional amendment that would make marriage strictly between a man and a woman, and has shown support for same-sex civil unions.

可以理解。个人比较欣赏这样的态度,每个人都是平等的,而且需要受到被尊重。

Iraq: Dodd understands that America must fight terrorism, but he also believes there needs to be a firm deadline set for getting U.S. troops out of Iraq because that is the way to ensure American security. He believes that withdrawing troops should start immediately and all steps and funding necessary should be provided to the troops to get them out safely. Once the troops are out, Dodd wants to focus on American diplomacy in the Middle East by convening a regional summit and engaging in direct negotiations with Middle Eastern countries to end terrorism.

撤军,撤军,撤军。

 

DP:很是奇怪,这个对后面三个问题都很激进的人却会对第一个移民问题含含糊糊。也许这样也就是说明了此君对待非法移民态度实在是激进到不能言的地步。不过,所有的这些都看起来太理想国。言说的时候煽动煽动是可以的,要是最后一直保持这样的态度,骗不了选民多久。

 

Duncan Hunter

imageRepublican Representative from California
Bio: Duncan Hunter was born in Riverside, Calif., on May 31, 1948. He briefly attended the University of Montana and University of California Santa Barbara before enlisting in the United States Army. He is a Vietnam Veteran who served in the 173rd Airborne and the Army Rangers. Once home he attended Western State University Law School and opened a legal office in San Diego. He now lives in East San Diego County with Lynne, his wife of 33 years. They have two sons and four grandchildren.

Political Experience: Hunter was first elected to Congress in 1980 when he upset the 18-year incumbent. He still holds that seat today that represents the 52nd Congressional District of California. Hunter got a seat on the House Armed Services Committee and served as the chairman from 2002-2006. He is now a ranking member of the committee.

DP:算是一个“老”议员了。

The Issues
Immigration: Being in a district right on the border, Hunter understands the problem with illegal immigration. He is opposed to this and believes amnesty for those here is a bad choice. He thinks this would only encourage more illegal immigrants. He also wrote legislation to have a fence built along the border to stop illegal immigrats and cosponsored a bill to require individuals to have at least one U.S.-born parent in order to be granted citizenship.

DP:这样的移民法案估计我们这些留学生谁也不愿意看到。

Environment: Hunter believes global warming should make America start looking for new forms of energy. He also believes that America needs to end its dependence on foreign oil sources. He wants the U.S. to look for alternative ways to use energy and there should be no taxes on alternative energy sources.

Capital Punishment: Hunter is a supporter of the death penalty and has opposed any legislation that would allow death row inmates to have a longer appeals process. He also is against any type of justice system reform. He even voted against an initiative that would create a list of the exact crimes that were punishable by the death penalty.

Healthcare: Hunter understands that America’s healthcare system is failing and needs to be reformed. He believes people should be allowed to pursue their own healthcare choices. He wants to do this by creating three major reforms freedoms: freedom to allow people to purchase healthcare over state lines, freedom of innovation to save money and improve outcomes and freedom to let individuals make informed healthcare choices.

又是一个政府不加干涉,不过这个已经成了放任自流。

Abortion: Hunter is strongly opposed to abortion, and he wants to enact a "Right to Life" amendment to the constitution that provides protection to all unborn children. Furthermore, he wants the amendment to define "personhood" as the moment of conception, therefore making it a crime to have an abortion.

这次是一个非常保守主义的人。

Same-Sex Marriage: Hunter believes that marriage should be strictly between a man and a woman because it is central to the institution of family and children. He is opposed to same-sex marriage and even helped craft, in the House, an amendment to the constitution that would define marriage as a union between a man and woman.

所以对于同性恋这样的问题他也就肯定是这样的态度。

Iraq: Hunter is a strong supporter of the military and having a strong military campaign to fight terrorism, whether in Iraq, Afghanistan or Iran. He believes America is winning the war in Iraq and that the end is nearer than the public thinks. He is against troop withdrawal, and believes America must help the new Iraqi military become trained and stabilized for when they are in charge.

看来还是一个鹰派。

 

DP:没有什么多说的。四个字,极端

(保守。

 

(未完待续)

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Nov
30

2008美国大选候选人介绍 I

学校的校报这一阶段(连续三周)都在登载明年美国大选的一些候选人的介绍,本来倒是没有什么兴趣,不过后来几日看到胡适同学的《四十自述》里面说到他的老师的“要了解美国制度,选出你喜欢的候选人,关心他直到大选结束”。想想四年一次大选,PhD五年期间也没有几次可以经历,也算是经历一下。这几篇博文就按照校报介绍的方法,归纳一下几位候选人对一些基本问题的观点。分为Bio(简历), Political Experience(政治经历), Immigration(对待移民), Environment(环境), Capital Punishment(执法), Healthcare(医疗保险), Abortion(堕胎), Same-Sex Marriage(同性婚姻), Iraq(伊拉克)几个上面来看。加上一点DP自己的点评。

 

 

Joe Biden

imageDemocratic Senator from Deleware
Bio: Joe Biden was born in Scranton, Pa., on Nov. 20, 1942. He was born into an Irish-Catholic, middle-class family and was raised in Delaware with his three siblings. He is an alumni of the University of Delaware and Syracuse Law School. He lives with his wife Jill, who is a school teacher. He also has three children and five grandchildren.

Political Experience: He started his political career with the New Castle County Council in Delaware. At age 29, he won a seat in the United States Senate, where he still serves as a Democratic Senator from Delaware. He has been a member of the Senate’s Foreign Relations Committee for the past 30 years and became the chairman in January.

DP:挺有从政经验的。

The Issues
Immigration: He wants to create a worker program that allows illegal immigrants who have lived and worked in the United States for five years or more to apply for permanent residency. He also wants to build a fence along the U.S.-Mexican border to stop illegal immigration.

DP: 中性观点,一方面允许居住五年以上非法移民合法化,一方面要建隔离墙来加强美墨边境。

Environment: He believes global warming is a problem that must be dealt with by Americans. In order to do so, he wants to increase the use of renewable fuels and energy and invest in more energy-efficient cars. He also wants to set a limit on greenhouse emissions in the United States and set regulations to make the U.S. Government more energy efficient.

Capital Punishment: He supports the death penalty and even wrote a crime bill that states which crimes justify the death penalty. However, he has voted against limiting the number of appeals for death row inmates.

DP:又是一个骑墙观点。死刑是必要的,但是不可以乱用。

Healthcare: He wants to provide universal healthcare to all Americans, starting by getting all children insured and extending their coverage until age 21. Access will be provided for all adults by opening existing programs to those uninsured and by reforming the insurance industry so as not to discriminate against anyone. He also encourages programs that promote awareness and prevention of many health issues that Americans can avoid.

DP:比较温和的医疗保险改革。

Abortion: He does not believe in granting public funding for abortions because it makes the government directly involved. He is a long-standing supporter of Roe v. Wade, a court case that allows abortion without government interference. However, he did vote to ban late-term abortions.

DP:太明显不过了。这种两方面都不得罪的态度和他的年龄和丰富的政治经验有关。不过,这种两方面都示好的态度有时候不一定是好事。

Same-Sex Marriage: He wants to end any discrimination against people based on sexual orientation, specifically dealing with marriage and adoption. He believes the federal laws need to be re-examined to prevent any discrimination against same-sex couples who want to be married. He does support letting individual states decide how to define marriage and civil unions without federal intervention.

DP:这点上和他的其他观点的态度不大一样。不过此人看来是一个坚定的新自由主义之信徒,强调政府对个人的行为干涉应该最小化。

Iraq: He wants to bring U.S. troops home without causing too much chaos in Iraq. To do so, he wants to create one central government in Iraq responsible for national interests and three regional governments controlled by the Kurds, Shiites and Sunnis respectively, responsible for their own regions. A non-aggression pact would be signed by the regions in Iraq and its neighbors to ensure no violence occurs. Next, U.S. troops will be downsized, leaving enough troops to maintain security. The U.S. will provide more economic aid and create a jobs program to help Iraq become more stabilized.

DP:表面上支持撤军,实际上却是要稳定伊拉克局势以后再撤军。已经是有点共和党味道的态度了。

 

总得来说,此人属于民主党中的右翼。风格倾向于中右道路。

 

Tom Tancredo

imageRepublican Representative from Colorado
Bio: Tom Tancredo was born on Dec. 20, 1945, in Denver, Colo., and is of Italian descent. He was born into a Roman-Catholic family but is now an Evangelical-Presbyterian. He graduated from the University of Northern Colorado and was a high school history teacher before becoming a state representative. Tom lives with Jackie, his wife of 30 years, in Littleton, Colo.; they have two sons and five grandsons.

Political Experience: He started his career in politics as a state representative in the Colorado legislature, a position he held for five years. He was then appointed the regional representative by Ronald Reagan for the Department of Education, which he held for ten years. He was then elected in 1999 into the United States House of Representatives in Colorado and has held the seat since.

The Issues
Immigration: He believes that illegal immigration threatens the American economy and must be stopped. He is against providing amnesty to illegal immigrants already in the U.S. and believes they must be deported. He wants to secure the U.S.-Mexican border to prevent immigrants from coming in and take away with any jobs or opportunities that help illegal immigrants in the U.S.

DP:挺共和党的。

Environment: He thinks that global warming is a problem that the U.S. must face. He believes the U.S. needs to decrease its dependence on foreign oil, which will result in lower carbon dioxide emissions.

DP;其实细细看来,环境问题上面虽然大家差不多,但是究竟是保守还是激进,还是有一点细微差别。共和党主张主要是cut foreign oil supply来减少温室气体排放,为什么,关键还是不想让自己的经济太决定于外国的资源;

Capital Punishment: He is a supporter of the death penalty and believes it is appropriate for heinous crimes. However, he thinks the death penalty is more of a state issue and the federal government should not get involved unless it is a crime such as treason.

Healthcare: He believes there are two huge problems with the healthcare system today: the high costs of insurance and the number of people uninsured. His goal is to prevent illegal immigrants from benefiting from any kind of insurance or healthcare in the U.S. because they are driving up the cost for everyone. His plan is to band together small businesses to create an association health plan with lower costs. He also wants to create federal incentives and subsidies for the uninsured but make state governments the primary providers for those who cannot afford insurance.

Abortion: He is strongly against abortion and believes Roe v. Wade should be repealed. He is against federal funding to any organization or program that supports abortion. He voted to prohibit partial-abortion except when the mother’s life is at risk.

Same-Sex Marriage: He wants a federal ban on same-sex marriage, which would make it illegal for any type of marriage other than a marriage between a man and woman. He thinks the main purpose of marriage is procreation and by allowing same-sex couples to marry, procreation is reduced. He is concerned that if judges allow same-sex couples to marry, they will eventually advocate laws allowing bigamy, polygamy or incest.

Iraq: He thinks the U.S. has given Iraq an opportunity to create a democracy and become a democratic nation, and now it is time for Iraqis to take charge and ensure their own success. He believes that a timetable should be set for when U.S. troops leave Iraq and turn over power to its government. By doing so, he believes this will allow the factions and regional powers in Iraq to work together to create a new balance of power.

DP:共和党就是共和党,反非法移民,反堕胎,不过却支持从伊拉克按照时间表撤军。给布什这么一折腾,没有哪个共和党人再敢跳出来说不要撤军的了吧。。。 都抢着要和布什同学划清界限。

 

(未完待续)

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Mar
27

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